Tribe Blennocampini
Genus Ardis
A. sulcata recorded in 20th century from west Norfolk but not recently.
A. pallipes (brunniventris in Benson) - no records yet, should there be? Benson says widespread.
Both species are larval stem borers in Rosa.
Genus Blennocampa
One species, B. phyllocolpa (pusilla by Benson), is very common on Rosa, being readily detectable by the larval habit of rolling leaflets into tight tubes. With a closer look, the adult sawflies can be seen readily around infested roses for an extended period of the summer.
Genus Cladardis
One species elongatula but Liston says its (continuing?) presence in Britain is uncertain. There is an old record from Brundall in 1882, where the specimen (if existing) would be well-worth checking. A stem-borer in Rosa. Benson only notes a York record.
Genus Claremontia
Seven species, treated within Monophadnoides in Benson:
alchemillae/tenuicornis/uncta - taxonomy of these three not fully resolved according to Liston; 20th C records of "tenuicornis" in Norfolk. Benson lists just tenuicorinis, larvae mostly Filipendula ulmaria but also Alchemilla - common throughout Britain.
alternipes - Ashwellthorpe Wood 2018 - Benson says on Rubus idaeus, local in south.
brevicornis
puncticeps - Norwich 2005 - Benson says common and widespread, larva on Poterium sanguisorba (Salad burnet)
waldheimii - old records (although would be valuable to re-examine any specimens in museum if exist following name changes) - Benson says larvae on Geum rivale and cultivated species
Genus Monardis
One species, M. plana. Liston says was added to British list by Gibbs (2006) and known only from Wales - a stem-borer in Rosa spinosissima. Oddly though, there is a 19th century Norfolk record of "Ardis plana" from Brundall, which one might assume synonymises to the same species. It would be worthwhile looking to see if a specimen exists in the museum. This is an interesting parallel with the situation for Cladardis elongatula.
Genus Monophadnoides
Two species - rubi (was geniculata) and ruficruris. There are old records for both species in Norfolk but the only 21st century one is of M. rubi at an unknown location in TG02 on 15th July 2013, record sourced from the NBN. The NBN here references NBIS as its source, but this record does not (?) appear in NBIS's dataset (perhaps deleted?).
#worth seeking though? foodplants?
ruficruris - Benson says larvae unknown but rest of genus on Rosaceae - says not common
rubi - Benson says larvae on Geum, Filipendula and Rubus - common throughout.
Genus Pareophora
Single species P. pruni was recorded in the 19th century near Norwich but not subsequently. Larvae feed on Prunus spinosa. Benson notes it to be not common.
Genus Periclista
Three species - albida, lineolata and pubescens - all of which feed on Quercus. Distinctive spiky larvae. All three noted from Norfolk but the only recent records are by James Emerson with an adult of P. albida at Whitlingham in 2017 and a larva of albida/pubescens at Wayland Wood in 2018.
Tribe Fenusini
Most of the leaf-mining sawflies fall within this tribe. Benson previously had Heterarthrus in a separate subfamily, but it has now been brought in here. Species are encountered most readily as their leaf-mining larvae, and the adults tend to be fairly nondescript small black insects.
Genus Fenella
Two species, of which nigrita was recorded in Norfolk for the first time in 2018, with mines found in Creeping Cinquefoil in Tasburgh and in Agrimony in Ludham. The other species, monilicornis, has not yet been recorded in Norfolk, nor indeed in England; it appears to be a leaf-miner of Wood Cranesbill Geranium sylvaticum.
Genus Fenusa
Two species; a further species (ulmi) treated by Benson as being within this genus is now considered to be in the genus Kaliofenusa (and split into two species). Fenusa dohrnii is readily found mining alder leaves, whilst F. pumila would appear to be more localised, although its mines in birch have recently been noted at Ludham and Mousehold.
Genus Fenusella
Three species, all of which were Messa spp. in Benson. They mine Betula and Populus. Two species (nana and glaucopsis) recorded in Norfolk, although latter requires verification after first record in 2018. The third species, hortulana, could occur and mines should be sought in Populus nigra (and presumably hybrid black poplar?).
Genus Heterarthrus
The latest checklist lists seven British species, compared to Benson's five. Four species are reasonably straightforward: H. vagans mines alder and has been recorded recently from Shotesham and Thetford; H. nemoratus is a birch-miner with a recent record from Hoveton; H. microcephalus mines Salix and has not been recorded since 1987 at Wheatfen; and H. ochropoda is an aspen-miner and was recorded for the first time in 2018 from Cranwich Camp [unverified so far]. There is some confusion surrounding the other species however, all of which are associated with Acer species. The database contains a number of records of H. aceris, including recent ones from Banham Zoo and Thompson Common. However, some further checking of these may be useful, as H. wuestneii is a more recent split and an Acer-feeder and has been recorded from Shotesham in 2013. Moreover, H. cuneifrons - a sycamore feeder - was added to the British list in 2005 and is clearly also a candidate to occur. Finally, Bridgman's 19th century checklist made mention of 'Phyllotoma fumipennis'; the ukflymines website synonymises this with H. aceris, although Liston treats it as an unplaced species of Heterarthrus. Hence, close investigation of Acer leaf-mines would be useful.
Genus Kaliofenusa
Two species, ulmi and altenhoferi, previously both treated as Fenusa ulmi by Benson. Both mine elm leaves. Most of the more recent records have been by me around Shotesham, except for a record of ulmi from Holme. K. altenhoferi was added to the British list by Liston (1994) (albeit as K. carpinifoliae within this paper, which is freely downloadable). The two appear to be separable as adults by the form of the frons and the apical antennal segments. The paper does also suggest they're on different species of elms (ulmi on Ulmus glabra and altenhoferi on U. minor and U. procera), but given the uncertainty surrounding elm identification, this seems a little unsafe. The paper says that altenhoferi mines mostly start at leaf-margins whereas ulmi mines mostly start in the leaf-blade interior and even completed mines often do not touch the leaf-edge. Norfolk records involve a 1911 specimen of a female from King's Lynn [available in museum collection??], inclusion in Ken Durrant's 20th century checklist [do adult specimens exist to check??] and leaf-mines from Shotesham in 2012 (ulmi on photo of mine), 2013 (no photos of mine so not identifiable), 2018 (ulmi on mine photos and descriptions) and Holme (ulmi on photo of mine) in 2018. It would be good to rear some specimens from mines.
Genus Metallus
Three species, all of which occur in Norfolk. M. lanceolatus (gei in Benson) mines Geum and has been recorded in recent years from Horsey, Catfield and Wayland Wood. The other two species - albipes and pumilus - both mine Rubus leaves. Whilst this site sugggests that only pumilus is on bramble (with both on raspberry), Benson suggests both sawflies use both Rubus "species" (in reality, Rubus represents hundreds of microspecies of "bramble"). It appears that albipes and pumilus leaf-mines can only be separated reliably by the numbers of spots on the larvae, and hence vacated mines should be treated as unidentified. In recent years, albipes has been recorded on the county border at Weeting Heath, whilst pumilus has been recorded as an adult sawfly from Catfield in 2018, but not yet conclusively as a leaf-mine.
Genus Parna
Benson said the genus was monotypic, listing just P. tenella. However, in 2007 a second species - P. apicalis - was added to the British list (Edmunds et al 2007). I cannot yet find the details on how to separate the species as adults, but it appears that whilst both produce leaf-mines in lime Tilia leaves, tenella mines cause the leaf to roll inwards whilst apicalis mines do not. Moreover, there are often multiple tenella mines per leaf, whereas there is usually just one apicalis mine per leaf. On this basis, some older records of Parna can be assumed to be tenella when they describe a rolled leaf-mine, including from Horstead, Heacham and Lynford. Additionally, mines apparently referable to apicalis have now been recorded from Norwich, Whitlingham and Shotesham.
Genus Profenusa
Two British species, both of which have been recorded in Norfolk. P. pygmaea has been recorded several times since 2015, with its oak leaf-mines recorded from Dersingham Bog, Banham Zoo, Mousehold Heath and Whitlingham Country Park, plus an adult from Thickthorn also in 2017. The other species - P. thomsoni - is a birch miner and appears not to have been recorded since the 19th century.
Genus Scolioneura
Only a single species - S. betuleti - in Britain, with recent Norfolk records of this from Dersingham Bog and Shotesham (mines) and Ashwellthorpe Wood (adult).
Tribe Phymatocerini
Genus Eutomostethus
Genus Monophadnus
Genus Paracharactus
Genus Phymatocera
Genus Rhadinoceraea
Genus Stethomostus
Genus Tomostethus
Tribe Waldheimiini
Genus Halidamia
No comments:
Post a Comment